问题详情

下图是一聚合釜温度控制系统,试问:1) 这是一个什么类型的控制系统?请画出其方块图; 2) 若釜内的温度不允许过高,否则易发生事故,试确定阀的气开气关形式及主副调节器的正反作用; 3)简述当干扰使釜内温度升高时的控制过程;4)若冷却水的温度是经常波动的,上述系统应如何改进,请画出控制流程图。


时间:2021-07-18 12:16 关键词: 过程控制与自动化仪表 期末试卷

答案解析

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1)串级控制系统,方框图如下:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><img src="https://s3.cn-north-1.amazonaws.com.cn/qingshuxuetang/examination/imgUplod/1539567329438b13ce30dccd2405499a71bc4ab6f29d1.png" alt="上传图片"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">2)从安全角度出发,釜内温度不允许过高,信号中断时,调节阀应处于全开位置安全,所以应选择气关阀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"> 因为阀选择气关,则</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">kv</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">选“-”,冷却水流量增大时,则</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt">F</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">增大,kp2选“+”,根据负反馈原则,则kc2应为“+”,所以流量控制器应选择反作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">当</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">F</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">增大时,釜内温度下降,kp1选“-”,则kc1选“+”,所以温度控制器应选择正作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">3)当温度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">T</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:宋体">↑→</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">温度变送器输出</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体">↑-<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>Tc的输入信号↑(Tc是正作用调节器),—<span lang="EN-US">&gt;Tc</span>的输出↑,—<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>流量调节器的给定值↑(相当于给定值不变,测量值↓,Fc是正作用调节器)—<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>Fc的输出↓(阀为气关阀)—<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>阀的开度↑—<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>冷却水流量↑—<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>夹套水温度↓—<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>釜内温度T↓。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体">4)若冷却水温度经常变动,则系统的副变量应选夹套水的温度,以冷却水的进水量作为操纵变量。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
1)串级控制系统,方框图如下:2)从安全角度出发,釜内温度不允许过高,信号中断时,调节阀应处于全开位置安全,所以应选择气关阀。 因为阀选择气关,则kv选“-”,冷却水流量增大时,则F增大,kp2选“+”,根据负反馈原则,则kc2应为“+”,所以流量控制器应选择反作用。当F增大时,釜内温度下降,kp1选“-”,则kc1选“+”,所以温度控制器应选择正作用。3)当温度T↑→温度变送器输出↑->Tc的输入信号↑(Tc是正作用调节器),—>Tc的输出↑,—>流量调节器的给定值↑(相当于给定值不变,测量值↓,Fc是正作用调节器)—>Fc的输出↓(阀为气关阀)—>阀的开度↑—>冷却水流量↑—>夹套水温度↓—>釜内温度T↓。 4)若冷却水温度经常变动,则系统的副变量应选夹套水的温度,以冷却水的进水量作为操纵变量。