先秦至秦汉时期，生活在天山南北民族     、     、     、       等最早开发了新疆地区。

<span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">塞人、月氏人</span> <span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">乌孙人</span>||<span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">莎车人</span> <span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">楼兰人、车师人</span>||<span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">羌人</span> <span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">龟兹人</span> <span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">焉耆人</span>||<span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">楼兰人</span> <span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">匈奴人</span> <span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">汉人</span>